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Ceropegia vietnamensisis described as a new species from Binh Chau Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve in the Xuyen Moc district of Ba Ria-Vung Tau province. It is morphologically close to Ceropegialaoticain generalappearance and colorationof flowers but differs in many vegetative and reproductive characteristicsand grows in a different habitat. The new taxon is described, illustrated with field photographs of detailed botanical characteristicsand compared to related species.
Currently, nearly 36.5 million people live with Alzheimer’s disease worldwide, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition is considered the main treatment strategy against it. Seaweeds (or macroalgae) are a natural source of high-value bioactive compounds and have great potential in the production of health foods/foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, animal feeds, biofertilizers, and biofuels. The most studied and applied seaweed species include red seaweed (Rhodophyta), green seaweed (Chlorophyta) and brown seaweed (Phaeophyta). This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of extracts/substances isolated with solvents including ethanol 75oand 96o, water, n-hexane, ethyl acetate under normal and ultrasonic conditions (power 80W, frequency 4.7 kHz and for 1 hour) from 5 economically important seaweed species belonging to genera Caulerpa, Sargassum, Gracilaria, Ulvaand Kappaphycuscollected in Ninh Thuan and Khanh Hoa provinces, Vietnam.
Schisandra grandiflora (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Schisandraceae: sect. Pleiostema), the specimens collected in Ha Giang, Cao Bang, and Vinh Phuc provinces, as a new recorded species for the flora of Vietnam. A morphological comparison with related species and a key to species in Vietnam was provided. A description including details of distribution and habitat is supplied with a line-drawing.
Cephalotaxus mannii Hook.f is a rare medicinal plant used for the treatment of leukemia, however, its fungal endophytes with antibacterial and anticancer properties have not been exploited yet. In this study, six fungal isolates were recovered from roots of C. mannii collected in Ha Giang province, Vietnam. Among them, ethyl acetate crude extract of strain WQF5 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against 5 tested pathogens with inhibition zones ranging from 13.0 ± 0.5 mm to 20.0 ± 0.4 mm. Sulforhodamine B assay showed that WQF5 extract possessed the most potent cytotoxic activity against lung cancer A549 and breast cancer MCF7 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.9 ± 0.7 µg/mL and 23.1 ± 1.9 µg/mL, respectively. PCR-based molecular marker screening revealed that the positive hits for essential genes encoding 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyltransferase (dbat) and C-13 phenylpropanoyl side chain-CoA acyltransferase (bapt) involved in paclitaxel production were found in the fungal isolate WQF5. In addition, isolate WQF5, identified as Fusarium fujikuroi by morphological and ITS analysis, also produced paclitaxel as shown by HPLC-DAD analysis. This is the first report of bioprospecting endophytic fungi isolated from C. mannii, in which the capability of producing paclitaxel of endophytic fungi was also proved for the first time. These findings addressed a potent candidate for paclitaxel production and provided excellent material for further investigations of how endophytic fungi from non-Taxus plant species synthesize paclitaxel.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most interesting respiratory viruses in the world. This virus causes symptoms of illnesses like influenza and imposes a heavy burden on medical services and the economy. However, studies on RSV in Vietnam are limited, while most of the RSV research has primarily been done before 2015. We collected the clinical respiratory samples from severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) patients to screen for RSV by real-time RT-PCR and study their molecular characteristics. RSV-positive specimens with Ct value < 25 collected between 2017-2018 in north Vietnam were inoculated on the Hep2 cell line.
Filaggrin is a key protein that facilitates terminal differentiation of the epidermis and maintains skin barrier function. Mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) have been identified to cause ichthyosis vulgaris, increase the risk of atopic dermatitis and other skin diseases. In this study, we established the database of FLG gene obtained by whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 244 Vietnamese. We also estimated allele and genotype frequencies of the FLG gene in this Vietnamese population and predicted the impact of novel variants on protein function using in silico analysis tools. The detected variants included 126 nonsynonymous, six nonsense mutations, six frameshift insertions/deletions, and one non-frameshift deletion, mostly located in exon 3. Of which, there were 11 novel variants have been identified and four of them were predicted as detrimental for encoding protein. Remarkable pathogenic variants were mostly nonsense variants, showing the main genetic factor underlying the pathology of diseases caused by FLG.
